Power and organizational hierarchies are ubiquitous to social institutions that form the foundation of modern society. Power differentials may act to constrain or enhance people’s ability to make good ethical decisions. However, little scholarly work has examined perceptions of this important topic. The present effort seeks to address this issue by interviewing academics about hypothetical ethical problems that involve power differences among those involved. Academics discussed what they would do in these scenarios, often drawing on their own experiences. Using a (...) think-aloud protocol, participants were prompted to discuss their reasoning and thinking behind their ethical decisions. These interview data were content analyzed using a semantic analysis program that identified a number of distinct ways that academics think about power differences and abuses in ethical situations. Implications of these findings are discussed. (shrink)

Research misconduct is of growing concern within the scientific community. As a result, organizations must identify effective approaches to training for ethics in research. Previous research has suggested that biases and compensatory strategies may represent important influences on the ethical decision-making process. The present effort investigated a training intervention targeting these variables. The results of the intervention are presented, as well as a description of accompanying exercises tapping self-reflection, sensemaking, and forecasting and their differential effectiveness on transfer to an ethical (...) decision-making task. (shrink)

Ethical decision making is of concern to researchers across all fields. However, researchers typically focus on the biases that may act to undermine ethical decision making. Taking a new approach, this study focused on identifying the most common compensatory strategies that counteract those biases. These strategies were identified using a series of interviews with university researchers in a variety of areas, including biological, physical, social, and health as well as scholarship and the performing arts. Interview transcripts were assessed with two (...) scoring procedures, an expert rating system and computer-assisted qualitative analysis. Although the expert rating system identified Understanding Guidelines, Recognition of Insufficient Information, and Recognizing Boundaries as the most frequently used compensatory strategies across fields, other strategies, Striving for Transparency, Value/norm Assessment, and Following Appropriate Role Models, were identified as most common by the computer-assisted qualitative analyses. Potential reasons for these findings and implications for training and practice are identified and discussed. (shrink)

The pervasiveness of unethical actions paired with the rising demand for creativity in organizations has contributed to an increased interest in how ethicality and creativity relate. However, there are mixed findings on whether these two fundamental pillars of the workplace relate positively, negatively, or not at all. To provide an empirical consensus to this debate, we study the directional effects of ethicality on creativity by employing meta-analytic techniques. Specifically, a series of meta-regressions, moderated meta-regressions, and individual subgroup analyses of moderators (...) investigated the nuances of the ethicality-creativity relationship. Using a random-effects model, a quantitative review of 278 effects across 23 articles revealed that ethicality positively related to creativity. We further probed how each domain of ethicality (i.e., ethical decision-making, ethical leadership, ethical culture, ethical thought) related to creativity; the effect of ethicality on creativity remained positive, but was no longer significant. Additionally, to expand our understanding of this relationship, we offer theoretical and empirical accounts of five factors that moderate the positive association between ethicality and creativity: ethicality and creativity domains and measurement, sample culture, study characteristics, and sample characteristics. Theoretical and practical insights regarding these relationships are discussed. (shrink)

The study of ethical behavior and ethical decision making is of increasing importance in many fields, and there is a growing literature addressing the issue. However, research examining differences in ethical decision making across fields and levels of experience is limited. In the present study, biases that undermine ethical decision making and compensatory strategies that may aid ethical decision making were identified in a series of interviews with 63 faculty members across six academic fields and three levels of rank as (...) well as across gender. The degree to which certain biases and compensatory strategies were used in justifications for responses to ethical situations was compared across fields, level of experience, and gender. Major differences were found across fields for several biases and compensatory strategies, including biases and compensatory strategies related to use of professional field principles and field-specific guidelines. Furthermore, full professors tend to differ greatly from assistant and associate professors on a number of constructs, and there were differences in the consistency with which biases and compensatory strategies were displayed within these various groups. Implications of these findings for ethics training and future research are discussed. (shrink)

Predictive modeling in education draws on data from past courses to forecast the effectiveness of future courses. The present effort sought to identify such a model of instructional effectiveness in scientific ethics. Drawing on data from 235 courses in the responsible conduct of research, structural equation modeling techniques were used to test a predictive model of RCR course effectiveness. Fit statistics indicated the model fit the data well, with the instructional characteristics included in the model explaining approximately 85% of the (...) variance in RCR instructional effectiveness. Implications for using the model to develop and improve future RCR courses are discussed. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Researchers have increasingly acknowledged that affect plays a role in ethical decision making. However, the impact that specific affective states may have on the expression of decision biases in the context of ethical dilemmas has received limited empirical attention. To address this, the present effort examined the impact of happy and sad affective states on biases in ethical decision making. In an online experiment, undergraduate students read short stories that either induced happy, sad, or relaxed affective states, followed by (...) a covert measure of three types of biases held to inhibit ethical decision making. Results demonstrated that happy affective states increased the expression of regulation biases, and sad affective states increased the expression of simplification biases, compared to relaxed affective states. Implications are discussed for advancing research on ethical decision making and reducing unethical behavior in organizations. (shrink)

The increasing interconnectedness of academic research and external industry has left research vulnerable to conflicts of interest. These conflicts have the potential to undermine the integrity of scientific research as well as to threaten public trust in scientific findings. The present effort sought to identify themes in the perspectives of faculty researchers regarding conflicts of interest. Think-aloud interview responses were qualitatively analyzed in an effort to provide insights with regard to appropriate ways to address the threat of conflicts of interest (...) in research. Themes in participant responses included disclosure of conflicts of interest, self-removal from situations where conflict exists, accommodation of conflict, denial of the existence of conflict, and recognition of complexity of situations involving conflicts of interest. Moral disengagement operations are suggested to explain the appearance of each identified theme. In addition, suggestions for best practices regarding addressing conflicts of interest given these themes in faculty perspectives are provided. (shrink)

Requirements for business ethics education and organizational ethics trainings mark an important step in encouraging ethical behavior among business students and professionals. However, the lack of specificity in these guidelines as to how, what, and where business ethics should be taught has led to stark differences in approaches and content. The present effort uses meta-analytic procedures to examine the effectiveness of current approaches across organizational ethics trainings and business school courses. to provide practical suggestions for business ethics interventions and research. (...) Thus, the primary questions driving this research are as follows: what course characteristics moderate the effectiveness of ethics instruction?, and have ethics education and training efforts improved? Findings suggest that professional, focused, and workshop-based training programs are especially effective for improving business ethics. However, results also reveal considerable problems with many of the criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of business ethics interventions. Practical suggestions for course design and evaluation in business ethics efforts are discussed along with future research needs. (shrink)

Increased investment in ethics education has prompted a variety of instructional objectives and frameworks. Yet, no systematic procedure to classify these varying instructional approaches has been attempted. In the present study, a quantitative clustering procedure was conducted to derive a typology of instruction in ethics education. In total, 330 ethics training programs were included in the cluster analysis. The training programs were appraised with respect to four instructional categories including instructional content, processes, delivery methods, and activities. Eight instructional approaches were (...) identified through this clustering procedure, and these instructional approaches showed different levels of effectiveness. Instructional effectiveness was assessed based on one of nine commonly used ethics criteria. With respect to specific training types, Professional Decision Processes Training and Field-Specific Compliance Training appear to be viable approaches to ethics training based on Cohen’s d effect size estimates. By contrast, two commonly used approaches, General Discussion Training and Norm Adherence Training, were found to be considerably less effective. The implications for instruction in ethics training are discussed. (shrink)

Musical life became disrupted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many musicians and venues turned to online alternatives, such as livestreaming. In this study, three livestreamed concerts were organized to examine separate, yet interconnected concepts—agency, presence, and social context—to ascertain which components of livestreamed concerts facilitate social connectedness. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling was conducted on 83 complete responses to examine the effects of the manipulations on feelings of social connectedness with the artist and the audience. Results showed that in concert (...) 1, where half of the participants were allowed to vote for the final song to be played, this option did not result in the experience of more agency. Instead, if their preferred song was played (regardless of voting ability) participants experienced greater connectedness to the artist. In concert 2, participants who attended the concert with virtual reality headsets experienced greater feelings of physical presence, as well as greater feelings of connectedness with the artist, than those that viewed a normal YouTube livestream. In concert 3, attendance through Zoom led to greater experience of social presence, but predicted less connectedness with the artist, compared to a normal YouTube livestream. Crucially, a greater negative impact of COVID-19 (e.g., loneliness) predicted feelings of connectedness with the artist, possibly because participants fulfilled their social needs with this parasocial interaction. Examining data from all concerts suggested that physical presence was a predictor of connectedness with both the artist and the audience, while social presence only predicted connectedness with the audience. Correlational analyses revealed that reductions in loneliness and isolation were associated with feelings of shared agency, physical and social presence, and connectedness to the audience. Overall, the findings suggest that in order to reduce feelings of loneliness and increase connectedness, concert organizers and musicians could tune elements of their livestreams to facilitate feelings of physical and social presence. (shrink)

A wide range of countries decided to go into lockdown to contain the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic of 2020, a setting separating people and restricting their movements. We investigated how musicians dealt with this sudden restriction in mobility. Responses of 234 people were collected. The majority of respondents (95%) resided in Belgium or the Netherlands. Results indicated a decrease of 79% of live music making in social settings during lockdown compared with before lockdown. In contrast, an increase of 264% was (...) demonstrated for online joint music making. However, results showed that most respondents were largely or even completely unaccustomed with specialized platforms for online joint music making (e.g., JamKazam, Jamulus). Respondents reported to mostly use well-known video-conferencing platforms such as Zoom and Skype when playing together virtually. However, when such video-conferencing platforms were used, they were often not employed for synchronized playing and were generally reported to insufficiently deal with latency issues. Furthermore, respondents depending on music making as their main source of income explored online real-time methods significantly more than those relying on other income sources. Results also demonstrated an increase of 93% in the use of alternative remote joint music-making methods (e.g., recording parts separately and subsequently circulating these digital recordings). All in all, results of this study provide a more in-depth view on joint music making during the first weeks of lockdown induced by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, and demonstrate users’ perceptions of performance and usability of online real-time platforms as well as alternative methods for musical interaction. (shrink)

In his target article, Yarkoni prescribes descriptive research as a potential antidote for the generalizability crisis. In our commentary, we offer four guiding principles for conducting descriptive research that is generalizable and enduring: prioritize context over control; let naturalistic observations contextualize structured tasks; operationalize the target phenomena rigorously and transparently; and attend to individual data.

A cultura clássica em suas múltiplas representações, independente do viés temporal a que está vinculada, nos proporciona um rememorar e um aprendizado que é lapidado a cada novo olhar. Esse artigo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma reflexão sobre a personagem Antinoo, repensar a importância das artes, em especial a confecção de esculturas, como representação da realidade.

The authors of the target article discuss the expansion of the scope of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) that is likely to occur in the near future, including its possible extension to “non-medi...

Este artigo aborda a influência do republicanismo ciceroniano no pensamento de Nicolau Maquiavel e pretende demonstrar como este renova a tradição do pensamento político ocidental. Tendo como fio condutor a análise do regime misto e da virtude cívica como elemento comum aos dois autores, pretendemos estabelecer, ao final do texto, a inovação maquiaveliana do elogio dos conflitos frente à valorização da concórdia apregoada pelo republicanismo clássico.

A IMPORTÂNCIA CONSTITUCIONAL DO DIREITO DO CONSUMIDOR E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM A PRESTAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS.

This article examines contemporary representations of sakura (cherry blossom) in cosmetics marketing. Since the Heian period, sakura has been loved and regarded as having tangible and metaphorical significance in Japan. Imagery of sakura is rich in ambiguity and has a complex history as evident in its use in the militaristic promotion of heroism, especially related to the Second World War. However, in recent decades, sakura imagery has proliferated across a range of popular culture both inside and out of Japan. In (...) this article we focus on the circulation and meanings of sakura imagery accessible and appropriated in Australia with specific attention to cosmetics. Sakura offers not only aesthetic pleasure but also potentially some health benefits. Our discussion draws on data from surveys and interviews with participants in Australia about their perspectives of sakura aesthetics related to colour symbolism. This is accompanied by close analysis of colour symbolism in recent perfume, skincare and cosmetic marketing, branding and packaging which use sakura imagery. We argue that, using the complex symbolism associated with the wide colour spectrum, sakura imagery has now been refashioned as a versatile promotional tool in the global market, as exemplified by the brand engagement of sakura-themed cosmetics. (shrink)

O pragmatismo de Richard Rorty possui como uma das suas peculiaridades o fato de atribuir plena relevância moral à literatura em detrimento da pretensiosa prescrição filosófica que põe a moral na linha reta da ética. Uma vez que as descrições filosóficas, de caráter universal, não são capazes de impelir indivíduos à progressão moral sem sugerir uma dada concepção política indesejável, Rorty compreende que a literatura, cujo vocabulário pretende esboçar as faces do particular, atende, melhor do que a própria filosofia, às (...) nossas demandas éticas. Isso é possível porque as descrições literárias ambientam os indivíduos sob sua própria condição finita e contingente, o que desdobra a ampliação da lealdade e a progressão moral, através da menção à dor alheia. Nesse sentido, uma cultura que herde seu vocabulário moral da literatura pode realizar-se mais plenamente de modo a promover um maior grau de felicidade e erradicação dos sofrimentos de seus componentes do que uma cultura cuja orientação moral é fruto daespeculação metafísica. Nesse artigo, abordo esse anverso moral da literatura como elemento afim aos ideais éticos projetados na configuração democrática liberal. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo esclarecer os pontos relevantes no debate contemporâneo da distinção entre as ciências naturais e ciências humanas realizado por Charles Taylor e Thomas S. Kuhn. Inicialmente, procuramos elucidar relações entre a Antropologia Filosófica e o esforço de definição das denominadas Ciências da Natureza e Ciências do Espírito desenvolvidas na obra de Wilhelm Dilthey, base para Taylor em seu artigo _Interpretation and the Sciences of Man_. Assim, Kuhn discutirá o capítulo de Taylor em _As ciências naturais e (...) as ciências humanas_ que envolvem críticas sobre a natureza e objetivo das ciências incluindo a participação do sujeito, da comunidade científica e da hermenêutica estabelecida dentro do paradigma de tal área na constituição de sua interpretação. São feitos esclarecimentos de caráter filosófico e genealógico destas obras, bem como a análise sobre pontos convergentes e divergentes na distinção entre os tipos de ciências. Ao final, comentários críticos por parte de Hugh Lacey dos tópicos abordados no debate são implementados, em conjunto com interpretações de escritos tardios do próprio Kuhn, ampliando a discussão a partir de sua própria filosofia e dos valores epistêmicos presentes no empreendimento científico atual. (shrink)

Medeiros se baseia nas ideias de dois pensadores, Richard Rorty e Roberto Mangabeira Unger, para desenvolver a tese de que há uma espécie de pragmatismo a que se pode chamar de "pragmatismo romântico" - levando em consideração o contexto de levantamento das premissas dos autores base, principalmente de seu espaço e tempo (entre os séculos XX e XXI) -, a fim de lançar um olhar atual sobre a relação entre a filosofia e a política. Nessa busca, tais autores revelariam (...) que o pragmatismo romântico "abrilhanta a democracia com uma compreensão mais otimista, pela qual se pode entrevê-la a soprar ares regeneradores nas sociedades existentes". (shrink)

No presente artigo, elucidaremos como a ideia de inferência abdutiva peirceana é apresentada, bem como seu duplo aspecto, formal e explicativo, não tem uma resolução bem definida e torna-se problemática ao buscar uma definição clara e distinta ao termo. Isto indica, para nós, uma infiltração de um tipo distinto de raciocínio. A partir do esclarecimento contextual dos termos e da discussão proposta acerca do que tomamos por raciocínio inferencial, buscaremos defender a existência de um quarto tipo além do dedutivo, indutivo (...) e abdutivo – evidenciado em parte por essa aparente dualidade na noção peirceana de abdução e também por raciocínios defendidos como subgrupos de outros – denominado aqui de raciocínio condutivo ou heurístico. Ao final, realizaremos reflexões sobre as características da Condução, bem como propormos estudos futuros voltados a uma análise conceitual mais ampla sobre sua legitimidade. (shrink)

A NOVA LEI DE FALÊNCIAS E SUA EFETIVIDADE PRÁTICA.

CONVOCAÇÃO DE ELEIÇÕES GERAIS E O DECORO DEMOCRÁTICO: ANÁLISE DA PROPOSTA DE EMENDA À CONSTITUIÇÃO N˚ 20/2016.

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os principais resultados apresentados pelas pesquisas “Relações étnico-raciais e de gênero no contexto das práticas pedagógicas: escrevivências e invenções na educação básica” e a pesquisa “Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira, Africana e Identidade: desafios e implicações nas Práticas pedagógicas”[1]. Dialogamos com os métodos adotados nas pesquisas, a etnoescrevivência e a pesquisa ação colaborativa, tomando os Ateliês de Pesquisa como dispositivo de construção de dados e intervenção, que possibilitou a construção de um movimento formativo (...) e coautoral, pautado na colaboração e na reflexão sobre a prática. As discussões teóricas dialogam principalmente com hooks ; Lima ; Pimenta ; Silva e Costa e outros/as autores/as. Os resultados apontaram que ao tomar como centralidade as narrativas da experiência docente e suas histórias de vida no entrelace do desenvolvimento profissional, os APs provocaram deslocamentos nos processos formativos com os temas raça e gênero, produzindo reflexão e alteração nas práticas pedagógicas. Demonstraram ainda, que não basta ser colaborador da pesquisa para que a cocriação e coautoria se estabeleçam, é fundamental que o ethos da confiança, a relação ética e horizontal seja construída ao longo do processo, haja vista que o modus operandi dos Ateliês de Pesquisa prima pela horizontalidade, invenção e experiência ancoradas no real do cotidiano escolar como propulsoras da produção do conhecimento pedagógico considerado como conhecimento científico do campo da docência. (shrink)

Ellsberg's (1961) famous paradox shows that decision-makers give events with ‘known’ probabilities a higher weight in their outcome evaluation. In the same article, Ellsberg suggests a preference representation which has intuitive appeal but lacks an axiomatic foundation. Schmeidler (1989) and Gilboa (1987) provide an axiomatisation for expected utility with non-additive probabilities. This paper introduces E-capacities as a representation of beliefs which incorporates objective information about the probability of events. It can be shown that the Choquet integral of an E-capacity is (...) the Ellsberg representation. The paper further explores properties of this representation of beliefs and provides an axiomatisation for them. (shrink)

This paper explores differences in national responses to foodborne disease outbreaks, addressing both the sources of policy divergence and their implications for public health and coordinated emergency response. It presents findings from a comparative study of two multi-state E. coli outbreaks, one in the United States and one in Germany, demonstrating important differences in how risk managers understood and responded to each nation’s first major outbreak associated with fresh produce. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews with key (...) stakeholders and hundreds of archival documents, this paper traces how social constructions of the E. coli risk interacted with organizational dynamics among state and industry actors to produce divergent policy outcomes: the U.S. outbreak was understood primarily as an agricultural problem that led to an industry-led agricultural solution, whereas the German outbreak was understood as a human disease problem that did not result in a substantial policy response once the acute health crisis passed. The paper concludes by discussing how these policy processes generate partial solutions to foodborne contamination that expose modern societies to systemic vulnerabilities. (shrink)

Na presente comunicação pretendemos refletir a produção de nossos objetos de pesquisa, tendo a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa como pano de fundo. Com base no desafio de desenvolvimento da autonomia e a construção socioindividual da liberdade - por si só um tema extenso e de complexidade, lançamos o debate acerca dos pressupostos habermasianos em áreas como formação de professores, universidade, avaliação e educação ambiental..

Atualmente, há um crescente interesse no estudo das sequelas psicológicas em vítimas de queimaduras. Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura com a finalidade de examinar quais são os danos psicológicos e psiquiátricos mais relevantes apresentados por indivíduos que sofrem acidentes com queimaduras..

Tendo em vista que plataformas digitais e algoritmos assumem lugares privilegiados enquanto entes políticos, discute-se como as noções de codificação e de decodificação apresentadas por Stuart Hall podem ser reconciliadas teoricamente a partir de aportes sobre controle e ideologia para lidar com questões sobre a formação de subjetividades em tempos dominados pela internet. O trabalho arregimenta ideias de Stuart Hall, Louis Althusser, Judith Butler, Gilles Deleuze e Byung-Chul Han, principalmente, para buscar aproximações e possibilidades de tratamento do tema.

Definida como beleza lógica e forma do paradoxo, a ironia romântica de Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829) assimila a antiga ironia socrática e a reinterpreta, inserindo-a como elemento central de sua teorização crítico-literária. O presente artigo analisa a ironia romântica, buscando situar sua alteração e abrangência no final do século XVIII, quando o conceito passa a significar metacrítica, reflexão filosófica, ruptura ficcional, distância estética e forma de exposição da arte literária. Defined as logical beauty and form of paradox, Friedrich Schlegel's (1772-1829) romantic (...) irony incorporates ancient Socratic irony and reinterprets it, inserting it as a nuclear element of his theorization on literary criticism. The current paper analyses the concept of romantic irony seeking to situate its alterations at the end of 18th century, when it changed its meaning for metacritics, philosophical reflexion, fictional rupture, aesthetical distance and form of art exposition. (shrink)

Com referência na perspectiva marxista-gramsciana, o estudo que ora se apresenta pretende analisar as repercussões das estratégias organizativas da classe trabalhadora na construção de uma nova hegemonia na sociedade brasileira. Para isso, tomaremos como base as experiências vigentes, desenvolvidas pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra/MST. Vale ressaltar que partiremos do ponto de vista das contradições, não apenas dessas estratégias, mas da própria sociedade capitalista.

Este estudo investiga as dimensões da crise econômica, política e cultural que culminaram na ascensão da extrema direita reacionária e na implementação de uma agenda ultraliberal regressiva no Brasil (2014-2022), alicerçada no ajuste fiscal permanente, nas contrarreformas, na superexploração do trabalho e no contracionismo em relação aos gastos sociais com políticas públicas. Para tanto, avaliou-se a crise estrutural do capitalismo contemporâneo, de 2007/2008, e suas repercussões de longo prazo no Brasil, ressaltando a conjuntura na qual emergiu o recente projeto de (...) aprofundamento da estratégia neoliberal, que ampliou a disputa pelo fundo público e, como será demonstrado, o desfinanciamento da política de Educação Superior e de Ciência & Tecnologia no país. Este estudo apresenta resultados parciais de tese de doutorado, submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFC. O levantamento de dados ocorreu em parceria com o Centro de Estudos do Trabalho e Ontologia do Ser Social da UECE. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão de literatura, acompanhada de levantamento de dados em fontes primárias e secundárias. Em síntese, foi possível identificar três fases do ultraliberalismo no Brasil: no final do primeiro mandato de Dilma Rousseff (esquerda), na gestão de Michel Temer (direita) e no governo de Jair Bolsonaro (extrema direita reacionária). Resguardadas todas as suas particularidades, o ultraliberalismo pôs em prática uma agenda draconiana de espoliação das rendas do trabalho e de rebaixamento das condições de vida da população. (shrink)

O COMÉRCIO ELETRÔNICO E O ICMS: A CONCRETIZAÇÃO DO FEDERALISMO FISCAL À LUZ DA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL 87/2015.

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have identified two powerful ways to regulate emotional responses to a stressor: experiencing incidental positive emotions and using cognitive reappraisal to reframe the stressor. Several cognitive and motivational theories of positive emotion support the formulation that incidental positive emotions may facilitate cognitive reappraisal. To test the separate and interacting effects of positive emotions and cognitive reappraisal, we first adapted an established picture-based reappraisal paradigm by interspersing blocks of positive emotion inducing and neutral pictures. Across two pre-registered studies, reappraisal (...) effectively decreased self-reported negative emotions and increased self-reported positive emotions; however, experiencing incidental positive emotions did not facilitate reappraisal success. In another preregistered study, we employed a more powerful positive emotion induction via virtual reality, used a social stress anticipation task, and... (shrink)

A base de todas as discussões políticas de John Locke é o conceito de direito natural; e o desenvolvimento das suas ideias políticas é acompanhado pelas interpretações que ele nos deu deste conceito, em especial daquelas que norteiam as suas concepções de liberdade e propriedade. Locke argumenta que não é a força nem a tradição, mas somente o “consentimento” expresso dos governados que se constitui como a única fonte de um poder político que se quer legítimo. Tal consentimento deriva-se da (...) liberdade que existe no estado de natureza e fundamentará os alicerces da sociedade civil. (shrink)

Embora a logica seja, de urn modo geraJ, concebida como um ramo da filosofia, suas aplic~oes via muito alem dos limites de qualquer disciplina isoladamente considerada (SALMON, 1993). Seu papel principal e fomecer meios para determinar a rel~o de consequencia que vige entre as premissas e a conclusao de urn dado argumento. Dentre as tecnicas utilizadas que possibihtarn garantir esta rel~o destaca-se a tecnica por redu ¢oao absurdo por ser amplamente aplicada nas cienciasdesde a antiguidade. Suaideiabasics residenofatodequeumapropo si~ nio pode (...) ser verdadeira se dela deduzimos uma contradi ~o. Pretende-se, entio, apresentar a estrutura logica de tal tee niea de demonstracao a partir de urn dado sistema formal da logica classica. (shrink)

Esta obra visa mostrar os conflitos sobre a língua nacional causados pelo funcionamento político do simbólico, durante o governo de JK - anos 50 do século XX.

Esta pesquisa discute a aplicação da tecnologia da informação nos processos de representação da informação de obras artístico-pictóricas e teve por objetivo geral apresentar uma relação possível entre os softwares de mineração de textos e a sistematização de termos nas práticas de representação da informação a partir da documentação gerada pela análise de obras artístico-pictóricas pelo viés da Ciência da Informação. Para isso, a pesquisa consistiu de estudo de caso, utilizando o software online Sobek para processar uma amostra da documentação (...) gerada pelas análises de obras artístico-pictóricas de Medeiros (2017), com a realização de três etapas: a) organização textual do conteúdo documental; b) inserção do conteúdo textual organizado no software Sobek e geração do grafo e; c) análise do grafo gerado pelo software Sobek. Os resultados indicaram que a utilização do Sobek demonstra indícios da viabilidade de uso da mineração de texto como auxílio aos processos de representação da informação de obras artístico-pictóricas, não obstante apontaram a necessidade de aprofundamento da questão para realização de futuras propostas metodológicas e de aperfeiçoamento do software a este fim documentário. (shrink)

Este trabalho é um estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo, com análise de dados quantitativos de abril a julho de 2019 no Hospital Universitário de Canoas. Foram avaliados 419 prescrições e dados de pacientes quanto a sexo, idade, patologias prévias, vias de administração e medicamentos mais prescritos no CTI. Para análise, foi elaborado um Instrumento de Coleta de Dados, no qual foram transferidos para uma planilha do software Microsoft Excel para análise de frequência. Os resultados encontrados foram que a maioria dos pacientes (...) era do sexo masculino (59%), com idade entre 40 e 69 anos (47%). As patologias mais frequentes foram Hipertensão Arterial (31%), Diabetes Mellitus (18%) e outras como infecções bacterianas, fraturas ou cirurgia cardíaca (46%). A via de administração mais utilizada foi a parenteral (63%). Os medicamentos mais prescritos foram analgésicos / antipiréticos (n = 175), analgésicos narcóticos (n = 126) e antieméticos (n = 126). A caracterização do perfil farmacoterapêutico permitiu definir estratégias de avaliação da prescrição e propor o serviço de farmácia clínica para contribuir com o conhecimento de outros profissionais relacionados aos medicamentos. (shrink)